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Production of organic acids by fibrous microscopic fungi and utilization of their biomass for removal of risk elements
Juglová, Zuzana ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Urík,, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the most advantageous method for production of organic acids by microscopic flamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and to evaluate mercury bioaccumulation efficiency on collected fungal biomass. The theoretical part focuses primarily on utilization, metabolism and production on individual organic acids. This is followed by section focused on the toxicity of mercury and the principles of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in biomass. The experimental part focuses mainly on the optimization of cultivation, determination of content of produced organic acids, depending on the type of cultivation. Second point of practicle part is evaluating of mercury bioaccumulation depending on the initial concentration of mercury in solution. In overall comparison, the best type of cultivation is dynamic. Higher biomass yeild resulted in higher production of organic acids. The higher biomass synthesis is also beneficial for bioaccumulation of mercury.
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Fungal metabolism modulation by plant substances
Sedláková, Vendula ; Čmoková, Adéla (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Phytochemicals are bioactive substances by which plants affect organisms in their vicinity. Fungi often respond to their presence by metabolism alternation, which is manifested by the production of secondary metabolites, an increase in biomass or the regulation of virulence. These changes can be caused by phytochemicals (e.g. curcumin, EGCG) with abilities to modulate epigenetic information. The first half of the work is devoted to mechanisms of epigenetic modification (e.g. methylation, histone modification), which were studied in fungi. The second half summarizes studies focused on phytochemicals, in which the ability to modify epigenetic information in eukaryotic organisms was observed. The bachelor's thesis thus brings valuable knowledge about the possibility of modifying fungal metabolism by phytochemicals, which are often waste products of industry. Information summarized in this work can have a significant impact on improving biotechnological processes, where there is an effort to increase biomass yield or induce the production of secondary metabolites in cases where their production is normally suppressed. Key words: secondary metabolites, epigenetics, epigenetic modification, phytochemicals, filamentous fungi
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Mykotoxiny a zdravotní bezpečnost objemných krmiv
Heinz, František
Mycotoxins are important contaminants in bulky feed. Monitoring of mycotoxins shows the fact that they are present in almost all made bulky feed. Mycotoxins can be found in plants before harvest and adversely affect their growth and development. The following feeding of mycotoxin-contaminated feed has an effect on utility reduction and complications of health condition in depense on the type of mycotoxin. In order to reduce the intake of high doses of mycotoxines by animals it is necessary to use decontamination methods. However this measure should be preceded by the prevention before mycotoxin producers which are filamentous fungi. In order to suppress the presence of filamentous fungi we need to know the conditions which are need for growth, development and reproduction. The object of this work was to summarize possible methods of mycotoxins decontamination, reduction of the presence of filamentous fungi, description of growth conditions and stressors conditional on mycotoxin production. Further, the characteristics of some mycotoxins and their effect on plants and livestock.
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Production of organic acids by fibrous microscopic fungi and utilization of their biomass for removal of risk elements
Juglová, Zuzana ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Urík,, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the most advantageous method for production of organic acids by microscopic flamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and to evaluate mercury bioaccumulation efficiency on collected fungal biomass. The theoretical part focuses primarily on utilization, metabolism and production on individual organic acids. This is followed by section focused on the toxicity of mercury and the principles of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in biomass. The experimental part focuses mainly on the optimization of cultivation, determination of content of produced organic acids, depending on the type of cultivation. Second point of practicle part is evaluating of mercury bioaccumulation depending on the initial concentration of mercury in solution. In overall comparison, the best type of cultivation is dynamic. Higher biomass yeild resulted in higher production of organic acids. The higher biomass synthesis is also beneficial for bioaccumulation of mercury.
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Investigation of the β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase Stucture from Penicillium oxalicum.
Krunclová, Tereza ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
in English β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) is exoglycosidase, which exhibits the unique properties in the filamentous fungi. Enzyme from these organisms are dimeric, inducible and secreted extracelluary. It is expresed as preproprotein, consists of a signal sequence, a large propeptid and a catalytic subunit. Although the enzyme is widely distributed, its structure differs in varies organisms. Bacteria have only monomeric hexosaminidase. Human enzymes are dimeric as well as fungal, but only hexosaminidase from filamentous fungi have the catalytic subunit noncovalently associated with the propeptide. Propeptide is a essential for the enzyme activity. It exists a homologues model of the catalytic subunit of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Penicillium oxalicum, but the structure of the propeptide has not yet been solved. The first part of this diploma thesis deals with the optimization of production and purification conditions. The second part deals with structural studies of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases from the filamentous fungi Penicillium oxalicum CCF 3438. These studies were carried out using chemical cross-linking and high resolution mass spectrometry. The combination of these methods revealed region of the noncovalent interaction of the catalytic subunit with the propeptide.
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Investigation of the β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase Stucture from Aspergillus oryzae
Kukačka, Zdeněk ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
in English β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) belongs to exoglycosidase, and is one of the most abundant enzymes found in organisms from bacteria to human. The fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae is composed of propeptide and catalytic domain. The propeptide is noncovalently associated with the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Propeptide is essential for the enzyme activity. While the structure of the catalytic domain was desidned by homology modeling, the structure of the propeptide has not been resolved yet. In this study, the position where the propeptide is associated with the catalytic domain, was uncovered. Presented work consists of two parts. First part deals with optimization of production conditions, purification and crystallization of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae. Second part is devoted to the study of interaction between propeptide and catalytic domain, which was characterized by chemical cross-linking and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was found that the structural changes of the catalytic domain depend on the presence of the propeptide molecule. Moreover the region of propeptide-catalytic domain interaction was revealed.
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Studium vlivu mykotoxinů na užitkovost a zdraví zvířat
ŠNOBROVÁ, Ivana
This project is about mycotoxins, their effect on health and productivity of livestock, farm animals. Mycotoxins are the toxic secondary metabolites produced by wide scope of microscopic filamentous fungi. Those are first of all Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera. The first part project deals with the history, formation and occurrence of mycotoxins in various commodites. Then are described division of mycotoxins. Essential part of project is profile individual mycotoxins and their effect for pigs, cattle and poultry. Emphasis is also placed on preventative measures and the possibility of eliminating mycotoxins. There are legislation and limits in the end.
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